1 THE PERIODIC TABLE
2 OUTLINE History of Periodic Table Periodic Table Organization
Group/FamilyRepresentative ElementsTransition ElementsInner Transition ElementsTypes of ElementsMetalsNonmetalsMetalloids
Group/FamilyRepresentative ElementsTransition ElementsInner Transition ElementsTypes of ElementsMetalsNonmetalsMetalloids
3 HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
By the Mid-1800s, there were 65 known elements.Scientists began to recognize patterns after recording information such as:chemical reactivity (ex: bonding patterns)physical properties (ex: state of matter, mass)
By the Mid-1800s, there were 65 known elements.Scientists began to recognize patterns after recording information such as:chemical reactivity (ex: bonding patterns)physical properties (ex: state of matter, mass)
4 HISTORY . . . DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834-1907) Why “PERIODIC”?
Wrote out elements in order of increasing ATOMIC MASS, and ended up with a table!Now organized according to:ATOMIC NUMBERNUMBER OF ELECTRONSWhy “PERIODIC”?Periodic means repeating patterns and properties.
Wrote out elements in order of increasing ATOMIC MASS, and ended up with a table!Now organized according to:ATOMIC NUMBERNUMBER OF ELECTRONSWhy “PERIODIC”?Periodic means repeating patterns and properties.
5 PERIODIC TABLE ORGANIZATION
The periodic table is arranged in rows and columns.PERIODHorizontal rows on table7 in totalAtomic Mass and Atomic Number increase from LEFT TO RIGHT
The periodic table is arranged in rows and columns.PERIODHorizontal rows on table7 in totalAtomic Mass and Atomic Number increase from LEFT TO RIGHT
6 ORGANIZATION . . . GROUP Also known as FAMILY
Vertical columns on tableElements of the same group have similar but not identical properties.There are two number systems for groups:CURRENT: 1-18OLD: ROMAN NUMERALSIA – VIIIAIB - VIIIB
Vertical columns on tableElements of the same group have similar but not identical properties.There are two number systems for groups:CURRENT: 1-18OLD: ROMAN NUMERALSIA – VIIIAIB - VIIIB
7 ORGANIZATION . . . GROUP 1 – Alkali Metals LINK
Soft, silver, react violently with waterGROUP 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsShiny, silver, light, reactiveGROUP 17 – HalogensExtremely reactive, poisonousGROUP 18 – Noble GasesINERT Not reactive under normal laboratory conditions
Soft, silver, react violently with waterGROUP 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsShiny, silver, light, reactiveGROUP 17 – HalogensExtremely reactive, poisonousGROUP 18 – Noble GasesINERT Not reactive under normal laboratory conditions
8 ORGANIZATION
9 Organization . . . REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS AKA Group A elements
Groups IA-VIIIA, or 1, 2, 13-18These elements illustrate the ENTIRE RANGE OF PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS.
Groups IA-VIIIA, or 1, 2, 13-18These elements illustrate the ENTIRE RANGE OF PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS.
10 ORGANIZATION . . . TRANSITION ELEMENTS AKA Group B elements
Group IB-VIIIB, or the “lower” groupsMetallic elements that exhibit some different properties due to their electron arrangements.
Group IB-VIIIB, or the “lower” groupsMetallic elements that exhibit some different properties due to their electron arrangements.
11 ORGANIZATION . . . INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Removed from the main table as a matter of convenience in organizing tableTwo names:57-71 LANTHANIDES (rare earth) ACTINIDES (radioactive)
Removed from the main table as a matter of convenience in organizing tableTwo names:57-71 LANTHANIDES (rare earth) ACTINIDES (radioactive)
12 METALS TYPES OF ELEMENTS Nonmetals Metalloids H He Li Be B C N O F Ne
1 He 2 1 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 C 6NonmetalsN 7 O 8 F 9 Ne 10 2 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 3 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 4METALSRb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 5MetalloidsCs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 6 * Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf104Db105Sg106Bh107Hs108Mt1097 W La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm100Md101No102Lr103
1 He 2 1 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 C 6NonmetalsN 7 O 8 F 9 Ne 10 2 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 3 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 4METALSRb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 5MetalloidsCs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 6 * Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf104Db105Sg106Bh107Hs108Mt1097 W La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm100Md101No102Lr103
13 TYPES OF ELEMENTSThere are three types of elements on the periodic table:MetalsNonmetalsMetalloidsThe STAIRCASE LINE on the periodic table divides the METALS and the NONMETALS.The ratio of metals to nonmetals is about 4:1.
14 METALSSubstances found on the Left Hand Side of the staircase on the periodic table.Physical properties include:ShinySolids at room temperature (except Hg)Good conductors of electricityDuctile (can be stretched into wire)Malleable (can be hammered in shapes)
15 NON-METALSSubstances found on the Right Hand Side of the staircase on the periodic table.Physical properties include:DullBrittleS, L, or G at room temperaturePoor conductors/good insulators
16 METALLOIDS AKA semi-metals
Substances that are found ON the staircase on the periodic table.Have properties of BOTH metals and nonmetals.In general,Hard, but sometimes brittleSolidHigh melting pointsWeak (or not at all) conductors of electricity
Substances that are found ON the staircase on the periodic table.Have properties of BOTH metals and nonmetals.In general,Hard, but sometimes brittleSolidHigh melting pointsWeak (or not at all) conductors of electricity
17 HYDROGEN The “rebel” of the periodic table!
It does not really “belong” anywhere.Hydrogen is usually located on the top left hand corner of the table, even though it has both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
It does not really “belong” anywhere.Hydrogen is usually located on the top left hand corner of the table, even though it has both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
